![]() ![]() For example, acids are compounds that produce H + ions (protons) when dissolved in water to produce aqueous solutions. ![]() These trends explain the periodicity observed in the elemental properties of atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity. Plutoniums in a part of the periodic table called the actinide series alongside its neighbours thorium and protoactinium. on reactivityspecifically, the types of chemical reactions that the compounds are likely to undergo. This happens because the number of filled principal energy levels (which shield the outermost electrons from attraction to the nucleus) increases downward within each group. Second, moving down a column in the periodic table, the outermost electrons become less tightly bound to the nucleus. As this happens, the electrons of the outermost shell experience increasingly strong nuclear attraction, so the electrons become closer to the nucleus and more tightly bound to it. First, electrons are added one at a time moving from left to right across a period. Reactivity is the tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction, either by itself or with other materials, and to release energy. In addition to this activity, there are two other important trends. From left to right elements are lined up in rows based on their atomic number (the number of protons in their nucleus). Stable octets are seen in the inert gases, or noble gases, of Group VIII of the periodic table. Elements tend to gain or lose valence electrons to achieve stable octet formation. ![]() These trends can be predicted merely by examing the periodic table and can be explained and understood by analyzing the electron configurations of the elements. The periodic table arranges the elements by periodic properties, which are recurring trends in physical and chemical characteristics. ![]()
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